Making Innovation Benefit All: Policies for Inclusive Growth

TABLE OF CONTENTS

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................................................. 7

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OVERVIEW OF THE REPORT ................................................................................................................... 11

CHAPTER 1. DIGITAL INNOVATION AND INCLUSIVE GROWTH ................................................... 25

Introduction ................................................................................................................................................ 25

1.1. How does innovation affect the well-being of disadvantaged and excluded groups? ........................ 26

1.2. Digital innovation’s impacts on markets and implications for inclusive growth ................................ 31

1.3. Contributions of digital products to social inclusiveness .................................................................... 41

1.4. Challenges and policy options to facilitate inclusive growth opportunities from digital innovations 61

CHAPTER 2. INNOVATION AND TERRITORIAL INCLUSIVENESS: RECENT REGIONAL

TRENDS AND POLICY OPTIONS ............................................................................................................. 85

Introduction ................................................................................................................................................ 85

2.1. What do we know about innovation, regions and growth? ................................................................. 87

2.2. How have interregional disparities changed over time? ..................................................................... 94

2.3. Is there a relationship between regional concentration, disparities, and performance? .................... 116

2.4. What can and should policy do to support territorial inclusiveness in light of these trends? ........... 118

2.5. Conclusion ........................................................................................................................................ 133

Annex A. Data specifications at regional level ........................................................................................ 142

CHAPTER 3. INCLUSIVE INNOVATION POLICIES: LESSONS FROM INTERNATIONAL CASE

STUDIES ..................................................................................................................................................... 145

Introduction .............................................................................................................................................. 145

3.1. The distribution of innovation capacities and opportunities: effects on inclusiveness ..................... 146

3.2. Innovation policies for tackling social, industrial and territorial inclusiveness challenges .............. 160

3.3. Rationales for implementing inclusive innovation policies .............................................................. 178

3.4. Specific implementation challenges and policy responses ............................................................... 186

Annex A. Toolkit on innovation policies for inclusiveness ..................................................................... 212

CHAPTER 4. INCLUSIVENESS AND INNOVATION IN HIGHER EDUCATION .............................. 223

Introduction .............................................................................................................................................. 223

4.1. Inclusive education for innovation .................................................................................................... 224

4.2. Inclusiveness in higher education: inequality in access and retention .............................................. 231

4.3. Innovative policies for educational inclusiveness ............................................................................. 242

4.4. Conclusion ........................................................................................................................................ 249

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