关注数字工程的行业人士对Philomena Zimmerman不陌生，她作为美国国防部负责研究和工程的副部长办公室（OUSD（R&E））数字工程相关工作的主任，2021年频繁出现了多个数字工程的论坛，大谈特谈“数字工程的几个关键问题”。

How the Internet was born: The network begins to take shape

October 30, 2016 5.08am GMT

This essay is the second of a four-part series, which commemorates the anniversary of the first ever message sent across the ARPANET, the progenitor of the Internet on October 29, 1969.

The Internet: On its International Origins and Collaborative Vision

A Work In-Progress

By Ronda Hauben

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“[T]he effort at developing the Internet Protocols was international

from the beginning.”

Vinton Cerf, "How the Internet Came to Be"

ABSTRACT

The process of the Internet's development offers an important

prototype to understand the creation of a multinational

collaborative research project which depends on and fosters

communication across the boundaries of diverse administrative

structures, political entities, and technical designs.

The mythology surrounding the origins of the Internet is that it

began in 1969 in the US That is the date marking the origins

of the ARPANET (a US packet switching network), but not the

birth of the Internet. The origins of the Internet date from 1973.

The goal of the researchers creating the Internet was to create a

network of networks, a means for networks from diverse countries

to intercommunicate. Originally the design was to link up several

national but diverse packet switching networks including the ARPANET

US),Cyclades (France),and NPL (Great Britain). When that was not

politically feasible, the research project involved Norwegian,

British and American research groups, and researchers from other

countries, especially France, at various junctures. These research

groups did the early development work. The Internet was

international from its very beginnings.

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Open Controller Architecture - Past, Present and Future

Gunter Pritschow (Co-ordinator), Yusuf Altintas, Francesco Jovane, Yoram Koren,

Mamoru Mitsuishi, Shozo Takata, Hendrik van Brussel, Manfred Weck, Kazuo Yamazaki

从40年通讯手段的变化看科技带来的社会进步

A history of IBM’s open-source involvement and strategy

P. G. Capek

S. P. Frank

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S. Gerdt

D. Shields

IBM has embraced both the concept and the reality of open-source software (OSS). While this may seem surprising for a corporation with a large traditional software business, a path has been pursued allowing the maintenance—indeed, the enhancement—of existing business while deriving benefits from OSS, making significant contributions to several OSS projects, and initiating new ones. We describe some of the considerations which led to this approach, as well as some of the issues that impinge on its execution.

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Digital Twin: Mitigating Unpredictable, Undesirable Emergent Behavior in Complex Systems

Michael Grieves and John Vickers

德国大众汽车集团发展历程

1937年3月28日，大众汽车公司宣告成立

二次世界大战期间，大众的生产能力被用于军备生产。

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二战结束后，1945年6月中旬，大众汽车公司由英国军政府接管。在Ivan Hirst少将的管理下，1949年甲壳虫（Volkswagen Beetle）投入大量生产。

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