自动需求响应(automated demand response，Auto-DR)是美国智能电网的关键技术之一。开放式自动需求响应通信规范(open automated demand response communications specification，OpenADR)已列入美国智能电网优先行动计划。OpenADR 提供了一个公用的、开放式、标准化的需求响应技术接口。文章介绍了OpenADR 的发展历程、必要性、内容和OpenADR 联盟，详细阐述了OpenADR 的通信架构和数据模型。在此基础上，给出了一系列OpenADR 的相关应用。OpenADR 相关的产品和试点工程证明，OpenADR能给 Auto-DR 提供技术支撑，通过低成本的标准化通信架构提高DR 的可靠性、易操作性、鲁棒性和成本效益。中国DR技术标准特别是自动需求响应技术标准的开发将有助于促进设备制造企业、服务提供商等单位研发相关的产品和服

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务，吸引更多的电力用户参与DR 项目，从而为降低工商业高峰负荷和有序用电管理等工作提供技术支持，降低用电成本，促进节能减排。

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目前尚未颁布正式的需求响应国际标准。文中首先综述国内外需求响应相关的标准规范的制定与发展现状，然后分析目前OpenADR 规范与IEC 标准要求间的差异，并设计需求响应国际标准体系架构，接下来提出基于OpenADR 和IEC CIM 模型进行信息模型核心标准编制的思路，最后给出需求响应国际标准的研发技术路线，旨在为需求响应国际标准制定工作提供参考。

分析了电力用户与电网侧服务系统信息交换的需求特点。结合 OpenADR 2.0、ZigBee SEP 2.0、IEC62746 等相关标准，研究现有的信息交换方式，对比分析电力用户可能采用的信息交换方式。最后提出一种电力用户接口概念模型及适合不同应用场景下的电力用户接口的信息交换方式。

全球范围内的需求响应(demand response，DR)研究与实施热潮给智能电网的发展带来新的机遇与挑战。针对智能电网领域内DR 实施规范化需求，总结了开展DR 技术标准化工作的迫切性与必要性。从DR 视角，阐述了国外DR 政策支持，标准化进展及项目实践现状，以及国内实施DR 的基础与标准化活动。在此基础上，研究了国内外与自动需求响应密切相关的标准，包括OpenADR， SEP 2.0，IEC 62746， AS 4755 等标准的成果与最新进展。最后，结合DR 标准中的各部分关键研究内容，提出 DR 标准的研究架构，包括DR 用例、体系架构、业务信息模型、通信协议、一致性和安全要求等多方面内容。

为进一步提高电能利用效率，促进电力资源优化配置，保障用电秩序，降低用电成本，本文基于用户行为模式的电力需求响应建模与实现，通过掌握居民用户行为模式以及各种激励模型，梳理重要客户的用能特征规律，建立用户行为模式的电力需求响应模型，实现负荷与电网双向互动，切实提高需求侧互动能力和管理水平。

This application was designed to support the role of a virtual end node (VEN) as defined in the OpenADR Alliance’s OpenADR 2.0 Profile B Specification (HTTP Pull Model), updated July 1, 2013. OpenADR is a machine-to-machine interface that defines the information model, transport and security mechanisms, and the manner in which data is exchanged between two end points. OpenADR 2.0 is an open specification that defines how information is communicated between an electricity service provider and customers, but it does not purport to define how either end point uses the information. This VEN application is one example of how the specification can be applied. This open source application with a graphical user interface, written in C#, was developed as a desktop application designed to provide users with a visual window into the OpenADR 2.0b interface, its information model, XML payloads, interactions with a VTN, and many other views.

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The intent of developing the source code and making it available to the open source community is to provide the electric power industry with a research tool to demonstrate and test the OpenADR 2.0 communication specification in different use cases to identify and correct potential gaps in the OpenADR 2.0 specification that can only be identified through a wide range of implementations.

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Abstract—This paper discusses the optimal demand response of power generation and consumption in an Energy Intensive Enterprise (EIE) that served by a single load-serving entity (LSE). We propose a distributed algorithm to minimize the total cost, in the presence of uncertain supply of its self-generation plants. The simulation results show that the algorithm is feasible. According to OpenADR 2.0, this paper also designs an automatic information transmission system for demand response optimization of the EIE. We describe the OpenADR communication architecture and communication services of the information transmission system, and the whole optimization process of the algorithm is fully performed by the system automatically. Communication process of the algorithm in the system is shown in simulation.

Abstract. Smart Grid has become more important for the efficient use of electric power and the demand reduction. As demand for electric power is increasing continuously despite its limited capacity. The demand reduction in Smart Grid can be achieved through DR (Demand Response) which reduces demand for electric power. In this paper, we analyzed the weaknesses of open source of Open ADR, protocol for Smart Grid DR, using CERT Java secure coding rules. We extracted the violations of rules such as OBJ01-J that means the scope of declaring member variables which should be obeyed in Object-Oriented Programming and IDS00-J that means the validation for input data which should be obeyed in Web environment. By eliminating the weaknesses we could enhance the security of Smart Grid communications.