A Continent Forged in Crisis: Assessing Europe One Year into the War

Report by Max Bergmann , Ilke Toygür , and Otto Svendsen

Published February 16, 2023

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Nearly a year after Russia invaded Ukraine, Europe remains a continent at war. Historians will likely see 2022 as a pivotal year akin to 1989 and 2001—years that marked the end of an era and the beginning of a new historical phase. Europe’s response to the war has changed the continent.

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