美军设立战略资本办公室解决关键技术问题

2022年12月1日，美国国防部宣布设立“战略资本办公室”（OSC，Office of Strategic Capital），以补充DARPA和DIU支持国防关键技术创新的不足，进一步加强美国关键技术领先的竞争优势。

据数字孪生战场实验室获得的备忘显示，战略资本办公室将在90天内正式运行，即2023年2月底必须运作起来，相关问题将向战略资本咨询委员会（Strategic Capital Advisory Council）汇报，该委员会包括研究工程、采办、政策等部门的负责人。

目前，战略资本办公室的主任未宣布，该办公室被放到了美国国防部研究工程之下，即由副部长徐若冰负责管理。

为了回答战略资本办公室设立定位的问题，美国国防部发布的新闻稿介绍了它跟DARPA和DIU的不同。

DARPA主要支持的科学技术方面的创新，专门遴选具有颠覆性创新的民营企业；DIU是为了获得民营企业提供的创新产品或方案服务。

战略资本办公室的服务位于DARPA和DIU之间，它的目的是支持民营企业在关键技术上的规模化发展。

美国国防部认为，“高风险”的颠覆性创新不适合大型军工集团，经营灵活的中小企业成为DARPA和DIU的目标对象，它们更关注“高回报”的机会。

然而这些企业还是有一定的弊端，一旦缺乏确定的“高风险高回报”机会，往往社会资本和创业企业不太愿意投入，这对美国国防安全带来巨大的风险。

按照备忘中所述，美国的技术优势是它的“霸权”的基础，它必须解决关键技术供应链的风险。

从美军正在推动JADC2战略来看，大致有300来家供应商，90%以上的企业都是中小企业，毕竟这么新的需求，大型军工集团也未做充足的储备。

然而JADC2技术也是一个生态，为此，美国空军专门建立了ABMS供应商联盟，专门查漏补缺，解决其军事技术生态上的问题，以打造一个良性循环的创新体系。

关于战略资本办公室的详细信息，请查看备忘。

附：Establishment of the Office of Strategic Capital

Our Nation's technological edge has long been a foundation for our military advantage. As our National Defense Strategy makes clear, the Department must develop and rapidly scale technologies critical to our defense. As today private sector capital is the dominant funding resource for technology development, we can build enduring advantages though engagement with trusted private capital that isfocused on critical technology areas for the Department of Defense.

To support the innovation ecosystem, I hereby establish the Office of Strategic Capital (OSC) within the Office of the Under Secretary of Defense (USD) for Research and Engineering (R&E) to integrate efforts across the Department of Defense and to partner with other U.S. Government Departments and Agencies to develop, integrate, and implement proven partnered capital strategies toshape and scale investment in critical technologies. In alignment with Section 1711 of the National Defense Authorization Act(NDAA) for Fiscal Year (FY) 2018, as amended, and Section 230 of the John S. McCain NDAA for FY 2019, the OSC will conduct program management and oversight activities, including:

• Identifying and prioritizing promising critical technology areas in industry and academia for the Department of Defense.

• Funding investments in critical technology areas for the Department of Defense that the private sector has not sufficiently supported.

• Informing and encouraging private sector investment in critical technology areas for the Department of Defense.

• Contributing to the development of policies, policy implementation, and actions to protect industrial and technical capabilities in the private sector.

The Director of the OSC will ensure that all OSC program activities are aligned towards transitioning technologies to Department of Defense mission capabilities, either directly through procurement orindirectly through the supply base. The Office of the Secretary of Defense and Department of Defense Component heads will coordinate with the Director of the OSC on all matters, under their purview, relatedto the mission and responsibilities assigned to the Director. The General Counsel of the Department of Defense, along with the Director of the Department of Defense Standards of Conduct Office, will provide guidance to the Director of the OSC to ensure adherence to legal and ethical standards.

Additionally, I hereby establish the Strategic Capital Advisory Council (SCAC) to advise and assist on matters related to the OSC. The SCAC will be comprised of the Undersecretaries for Research and Engineering, Acquisition and Sustainment, Policy, Comptroller, as well as the General Counsel of the Department of Defense and the Director of Cost Assessment and Program Evaluation, and other members as deemed appropriate. The Director of the OSC willprepare and provide investment priorities in the form of an investment prospectus to the SCAC for review and assessment before submitting to me for my approval. I direct the Undersecretary of Defense for Research and Engineering, with appropriate coordination, to prepare and distribute a SCAC charter and review process and standup the SCAC within 90 days. I further direct the initial investment priorities to be provided no later than 90 days after the standup of the SCAC.

Innovation lies at the heart of American security, because when we maintain our technological edge, we maintain our military edge.