美国国会“JADC2实施法案”的分析

2023年11月17日，加利福尼亚州共和党众议员达雷尔·伊萨（Darrell Issa）在众议院提出“JADC2实施法案”（H.R.6444 - JADC2 Implementation Act），视图通过对美国国防部三大部门的职责改进来提升美军的JADC2落地实施效果。

据数字孪生战场实验室观察，该法案在11月28日在参议院由约尼·厄恩斯特（Joni Ernst）推进中，开始进入军事委员会进行讨论。

首先，对于这两位议员做一个简单介绍。

伊萨是一位70岁的前美国陆军人员，是一位黎巴嫩美国人，因此他积极参与中东事务，成为美国国会的一名中东政治家，他总体是一位激进的爱国人士，在2001年曾给《爱国者法案》（PATRIOT ACT）投票。

厄恩斯特年仅53岁，曾在美国陆军预备部队、国防警卫队服役，因为她公开提出美军内部的性骚扰问题，为媒体人士了解。

然后我们了解“JADC2实施法案”的内容。

该法案主要针对研发部门、采办部门和CDAO三个部门提出的要求，并对它们应承担的职责进行了简明扼要的说明。

美国国防部负责研究工程的副部长办公室应“确定新的技术和作战概念，用于实验和原型设计，并交付给联合部队，以应对关键的作战挑战。”

对于美国国防部采办部门的采办、集成与互操作性办公室（Executive Director for Acquisition, Integration, and Interoperability），该法案提出应配合CDAO实现杀伤链的闭合，以及推动软件工厂的建设。

当然，数字孪生战场实验室最关注的是CDAO，这是《军事人工智能白皮书》的重要补充。

按照法案所讲，CDAO应重点“创建和运营一种基于工厂的软件开发方法，允许迭代、安全和连续地部署开发、原型和操作工具和能力。”

简而言之，CDAO应为大规模推动JADC2，建设好“软件工厂”（Software Factory），该主题是网络信息的重点。

虽然该法案旨在加快美国国防部JADC2的整体部署，但它将“优先考虑”美国印太司令部的要求，该司令部负责在覆盖中国、日本、印度、朝鲜和澳大利亚的广大军事重要地区开展行动。

这包括要求CDAO与其他国防部官员协商，在2024年3月1日前向国会提交一份报告，部分概述美国印太司令部“部署和演示联合数据集成层原型的计划和相关时间表”。

该报告还将被要求包括一项在整个作战司令部“达到联合数据集成层初始作战能力”的计划，以及“对美国印太司令部所需人员类型和数量的评估，以实现JADC2能力的持续增长”

最后，值得读者注意的是，美国国防部于2022年3月发布了其JADC2实施计划，当时表示，现代化工作将使美国军队“能够利用自动化、人工智能、预测分析和机器学习，快速‘感知’、‘理解’和‘行动’整个作战空间的信息，通过有弹性和强大的网络环境提供知情的解决方案。”

附：H. R. 6444 JADC2实施法案

To accelerate the identification of solutions to the challenges of the Joint Force by assigning to specific components of the Department of Defense certain responsibilities for the delivery of essential integrated joint warfighting capabilities, and for other purposes.

IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

November 17, 2023

Mr. Issa introduced the following bill; which was referred to the Committee on Armed Services

A BILL

To accelerate the identification of solutions to the challenges of the Joint Force by assigning to specific components of the Department of Defense certain responsibilities for the delivery of essential integrated joint warfighting capabilities, and for other purposes.

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled,

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

This Act may be cited as the “JADC2Implementation Act”.

SEC. 2. ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES FOR COMPONENTS OF OFFICE OF SECRETARY OF DEFENSE FOR JOINT ALL-DOMAIN COMMAND AND CONTROL IN SUPPORT OF INTEGRATED JOINT WARFIGHTING.

(a) In General.—The Secretary of Defense shall establish the roles and responsibilities of components of the Office of the Secretary of Defense for development and delivery to combatant commands of capabilities that are essential to integrated joint warfighting capabilities, as follows:

(1) The Deputy Chief Technology Officer for Mission Capabilities of the Office of the Under Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering (in this section referred to as the “Deputy Chief”) shall be responsible for—

(A) identifying new technology and operational concepts for experimentation and prototyping for delivery to the Joint Force to address key operational challenges;

(B) providing technical support for the Joint Force in exploring and analyzing new capabilities, operational concepts, and systems-of-systems composition, including through advanced modeling and simulation; and

(C) executing associated experimentation, through the Rapid Defense Experimentation Reserve (RDER) or another mechanism.

(2) The Executive Director for Acquisition, Integration, and Interoperability of the Office of the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and Sustainment shall be responsible for—

(A) enabling the acquisition of cross-domain, joint, and cross-system kill chains and mission capabilities, including resourcing of modifications necessary for integration and interoperability among kill chain and mission components; and

(B) ensuring the effectiveness of cross-domain, joint, and cross-system kill chains and mission capabilities through analysis and testing.

(3) The Chief Digital and Artificial Intelligence Officer shall be responsible for creating and operating a factory-based approach for software development that allows for iterative, secure, and continuous deployment of developmental, prototype, and operational tools and capabilities from multiple vendors to test networks and operational networks for combatant commanders to—

(A) gain operational awareness, make decisions, and take actions;

(B) integrate relevant data sources to support target selection, target prioritization, and weapon-target pairing; and

(C) prosecute targets through military service and combat support agency networks, tools, and systems.

(b) Additional Deputy Chief Authorities.—

(1) IN GENERAL.—The Deputy Chief may exercise the authorities described in paragraph (2) in accordance with this subsection to carry out the responsibilities of the Deputy Chief described in subsection (a)(1).

(2) AUTHORITIES DESCRIBED.—The authorities described in this paragraph are—

(A) the authority to enter contracts to acquire goods and services; and

(B) except as otherwise provided by this subsection, the authority to appoint, prescribe rates of pay for, and provide additional pay to highly qualified experts.

(3) ACQUISITION AUTHORITY.—The laws and regulations applicable to acquisitions of goods and services by the Secretary of Defense shall apply to the acquisition of goods and services by the Deputy Chief pursuant to paragraph (2)(A).

(4) HIRING AUTHORITIES.—

(A) APPOINTMENT LIMITS.—When exercising the authority described in paragraph (2)(B), the Deputy Chief may—

(i) appoint only individuals with demonstrated expertise in the development, testing, production, and delivery or integration of modular systems and major system components (as defined in section 4401(b) of title 10, United States Code), including autonomous vehicles, advanced sensors and radio systems, and software systems; and

(ii) appoint individuals to not more than 12 positions as program managers in the Office of the Under Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering.

(B) TERM EXTENSION.—The Deputy Chief may extend the period which an employee appointed pursuant to paragraph (2)(B) may serve by up to seven additional years.

(C) EXCEPTED SERVICE POSITIONS.—Each position to which the Deputy Chief may appoint an individual pursuant to paragraph (2)(B) shall be in the excepted service.

(c) Coordination.—The officials referred to in paragraphs (1), (2), and (3) of subsection (a) shall coordinate and align their plans and activities to implement subsection (a) among themselves and with the combatant commanders.

(d) Initial Prioritization.—In developing an initial set of capabilities described in subsection (a), the officials referred to in paragraphs (1), (2), and (3) of that subsection shall prioritize the requirements of the United States Indo-Pacific Command.

(e) Briefings Required.—Not later than 90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, and every 180 days thereafter through December 31, 2026, the officials referred to in paragraphs (1), (2), and (3) of subsection (a) shall provide briefings to the congressional defense committees on their plans and activities to implement subsection (a).

(f) Report Required.—Not later than March 1, 2024, the Chief Data and Artificial Intelligence Officer, in consultation with the Deputy Chief and the Executive Director for Acquisition, Integration, and Interoperability of the Office of the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and Sustainment, shall submit to the congressional defense committees a report that includes—

(1) a plan and associated timelines for deploying and demonstrating a joint data integration layer prototype in the United States Indo-Pacific Command area of operations;

(2) a plan and associated timelines for transitioning such a prototype, upon its successful demonstration, to fielding as soon as practicable given the urgent need for a joint all-domain command and control (commonly referred to as “JADC2”) capability;

(3) a plan and associated timelines for reaching initial operational capability for a joint data integration layer within the United States Indo-Pacific Command area of operations;

(4) a plan and associated timelines for scaling that capability to future areas of operation across the combatant commands;

(5) an assessment of the required type and number of personnel at the United States Indo-Pacific Command to enable sustained growth inJADC2capabilities; and

(6) a plan and associated timelines for—

(A) identifying specific critical effects chains necessary to overcome anti-access and area denial capabilities and offensive military operations of foreign adversaries; and

(B) creating, demonstrating, deploying, and sustaining such chains.