K–12 Computer Science Framework
Table of Contents
Acknowledgments ..............................................................................................................ii
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Executive Summary .............................................................................................................1
1. A Vision for K–12 Computer Science ...........................................................................7
2. Equity in Computer Science Education ......................................................................21
3. Development Process ................................................................................................39
4. Navigating the Framework ........................................................................................55
5. Practices Including Computational Thinking ........................................................................65
6. Concepts Including Crosscutting Concepts .........................................................................85
7. Guidance for Standards Developers ........................................................................123
8. Implementation Guidance: Curriculum, Course Pathways, and
Teacher Development ..............................................................................................145
9. Computer Science in Early Childhood Education .....................................................181
10. The Role of Research in the Development and Future of the Framework ...............199
Appendices .....................................................................................................................229
Appendix A: Feedback and Revisions ......................................................................231
Appendix B: Biographies of Writers and Development Staff ..................................245
Appendix C: Glossary ...............................................................................................259
Appendix D: Early Childhood Research Review .......................................................269
Appendix E: Bibliography of Framework Research .................................................277
Appendix F: Frequently Asked Questions ...............................................................291
Photo Credits..................................................................................................................297
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