The CLOUD Act and Transatlantic Trust

Report by Georgia Wood and James Andrew Lewis

Published March 29, 2023

Declaration on Government Access to OECD Legal Instruments

Personal Data Held by Private

Sector Entities

Clarifying Lawful Overseas Use of Data (CLOUD) Act

The United States enacted the Clarifying Lawful Overseas Use of Data (CLOUD) Act in March 2018 to speed access to electronic information held by U.S.-based global providers that is critical to our foreign partners’ investigations of serious crime, ranging from terrorism and violent crime to sexual exploitation of children and cybercrime.

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In recent years, the number of mutual legal assistance requests seeking electronic evidence from the United States has increased dramatically, straining resources and slowing response times. Foreign authorities have relatedly expressed a need for increased speed in obtaining this evidence. In addition, many of the assistance requests the United States receives seek electronic information related to individuals or entities located in other countries, and the only connection of the investigation to the United States is that the evidence happens to be held by a U.S.-based global provider. The CLOUD Act is designed to permit our foreign partners that have robust protections for privacy and civil liberties to enter into bilateral agreements with the United States to obtain direct access to this electronic evidence, wherever it happens to be located, in order to fight serious crime and terrorism.

The CLOUD Act thus represents a new paradigm: an efficient, privacy and civil liberties-protective approach to ensure effective access to electronic data that lies beyond a requesting country’s reach due to the revolution in electronic communications, recent innovations in the way global technology companies configure their systems, and the legacy of 20th century legal frameworks. The CLOUD Act authorizes bilateral agreements between the United States and trusted foreign partners that will make both nations’ citizens safer, while at the same time ensuring a high level of protection of those citizens’ rights.

The U.S. Department of Justice has created this page as a public resource for official CLOUD Act-related materials. Please feel free to bookmark this page and refer to it for updates.

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受益5G和云服务大发展，引领工业互联网浪潮

工业富联

601138.SH

Thank you. This is Patricia Murphy, Vice President of Investor Relations for IBM, and I want to welcome you to our second quarter 2019 earnings presentation. I’m here with Jim Kavanaugh, IBM’s Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer.

IBM 2Q 2019 Earnings

July 17，2019

Earnings Release FY19 Q4

Microsoft Cloud Powers Record Fourth Quarter Results

REDMOND, Wash. — July 18, 2019 — Microsoft Corp. today announced the following results for the quarter ended June 30, 2019, as compared to the corresponding period of last fiscal year:

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· Revenue was $33.7 billion and increased 12%

· Operating income was $12.4 billion and increased 20%

· Net income was $13.2 billion GAAP and $10.6 billion non-GAAP, and increased 49% and 21%, respectively

· Diluted earnings per share was $1.71 GAAP and $1.37 non-GAAP, and increased 50% and 21%, respectively

· GAAP results include a $2.6 billion net income tax benefit explained in the Non-GAAP Definition section below

“It was a record fiscal year for Microsoft, a result of our deep partnerships with leading companies in every industry,” said Satya Nadella, chief executive officer of Microsoft. "Every day we work alongside our customers to help them build their own digital capability - innovating with them, creating new businesses with them, and earning their trust. This commitment to our customers’ success is resulting in larger, multi-year commercial cloud agreements and growing momentum across every layer of our technology stack.”

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Earnings Release FY19 Q4

Microsoft Cloud Powers Record Fourth Quarter Results

REDMOND, Wash. — July 18, 2019 — Microsoft Corp. today announced the following results for the quarter ended June 30, 2019, as compared to the corresponding period of last fiscal year:

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· Revenue was $33.7 billion and increased 12%

· Operating income was $12.4 billion and increased 20%

· Net income was $13.2 billion GAAP and $10.6 billion non-GAAP, and increased 49% and 21%, respectively

· Diluted earnings per share was $1.71 GAAP and $1.37 non-GAAP, and increased 50% and 21%, respectively

· GAAP results include a $2.6 billion net income tax benefit explained in the Non-GAAP Definition section below

“It was a record fiscal year for Microsoft, a result of our deep partnerships with leading companies in every industry,” said Satya Nadella, chief executive officer of Microsoft. "Every day we work alongside our customers to help them build their own digital capability - innovating with them, creating new businesses with them, and earning their trust. This commitment to our customers’ success is resulting in larger, multi-year commercial cloud agreements and growing momentum across every layer of our technology stack.”

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