Chair Janet L. Yellen
At the Commonwealth Club, San Francisco, California
January 18, 2017
The Goals of Monetary Policy and How We Pursue Them
Good afternoon. It is a pleasure to join all of you at the Commonwealth Club today, not the least because the club and the Federal Reserve have a few things in common. Both organizations, as it happens, have a board of governors and a chair. And both the club's and the Fed's histories extend back more than a century. The club, as many here know, was founded in 1903, and the Federal Reserve a decade later. Perhaps because of our shared origins in the Progressive Era, a period of reform in American life, we hold certain values in common. According to your website, the club is nonpartisan and dedicated to the impartial discussion of issues important to your community and the nation. At the Fed, we too are nonpartisan and focused squarely on the public interest. We strive to conduct our deliberations impartially and base our decisions on factual evidence and objective analysis. This afternoon I will discuss some challenges we've faced in our recent deliberations and may face in the next few years.
在19日的讲话中,美联储主席耶伦指出,美国经济正在接近美联储的目标,这为该央行提供了开始削减过去十年间为提振增长而推行的极端水平的支持举措。
耶伦在旧金山表示,经过了长达十年的从创纪录水平的宽松政策,美国经济从中受益,并正在“接近”美联储的目标,尽管之后的政策调整预计会很缓慢。
去年12月份,美联储宣布了2006年以来的第二次加息。联邦公开市场委员会的官员暗示,今年美联储或将加息三次,不过具体时间表取决于经济数据。耶伦说,“伴随着经济接近我们的目标,逐渐削减货币政策支持水平,开始变得行得通。”
她说,长期失业率可能是4.75%,仅比当前水平(4.7%)高一点。通货膨胀率也在朝美联储设定的目标值(2%)前进。尽管经济早在接近八年前就已走出衰退,同时失业率也处于2007年下旬以来的最低水平,但是美国通胀率的走势仍难以捉摸。
耶伦声称,低生产力水平,可能会让通胀率免于失控。
尽管经济形势改观,美联储仍保持谨慎态度。耶伦指出,“现在,我们的脚仍踩在油门上,不过我们已经放松了力度。我们的脚之所以仍踩在油门上,部分归因于我们想要确保经济增长已经强劲到足以经得住任何冲击。我们已经没有太大的降息空间。”
虽然美联储官员暗示会进行更雄心勃勃的加息计划,但是交易员们认为今年美联储最多加息两次——一次在6月份,另一次在11月份或12月份。期货合约暗示,到今年年底美国基准利率或将居于1.07%的水平。
到2019年年底,美国基准利率可能会升至3%。耶伦承认,“这个目标比我们三年前预期的要低出整整1个百分点。”她补充说,按照当前路径,抵押贷款和信用卡的利息可能会“上涨”,不过幅度可能不会太大。
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