In many parts of the world, the electric transmission and distribution (T&D) systems are over a century old. There

are a host of conventional power system tools and technologies that have evolved throughout time that are used to manage the daily operation, and continued growth, of electricity grids around the world. These tools include a portfolio of digital tools

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that are distributed throughout the system. These tools range from protection relays and substation controllers in the periphery, to power plant controls, and all the way up to utility energy management platforms in the operating centers. For industry stakeholders, there is no question that an impressive level of intelligence is already deployed in modern grids, enabling the coordinated operation of interconnections that represent the most complex machine ever built by humankind.

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