Brussels, 17.6.2020 COM(2020) 253 final

WHITE PAPER on levelling the playing field as regards foreign subsidies

WHITE PAPER

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on levelling the playing field as regards foreign subsidies

Table of Contents

1 Introduction...................................................................................................................4

2 Problem definition ........................................................................................................6

2.1 Foreign subsidies risk distorting the EU internal market .............................................6

2.2 Overview of cases involving foreign subsidies ............................................................8

3 Gap analysis..................................................................................................................9

3.1 EU competition rules ....................................................................................................9

3.2 EU trade policy .............................................................................................................9

3.3 Public procurement.....................................................................................................10

3.4 EU funding..................................................................................................................12

4 Framework to address distortions caused by foreign subsidies in the internal market generally and in the specific cases of acquisitions and public procurement ................................................................................................................13

4.1 General instrument to capture foreign subsidies (Module 1) .....................................13

4.1.1 Basic features..............................................................................................................13

4.1.2 Scope of Module 1......................................................................................................14

4.1.3 Assessment of distortions in the internal market........................................................15

4.1.4 EU interest test............................................................................................................17

4.1.5 Procedure ....................................................................................................................17

4.1.6 Redressive measures...................................................................................................19

4.1.7 Supervisory authorities ...............................................................................................21

4.2 Foreign subsidies facilitating the acquisition of EU targets (Module 2) ....................22

4.2.1 Basic features..............................................................................................................22

4.2.2 Scope of Module 2......................................................................................................23

4.2.3 Assessment of distortions related to subsidised acquisitions .....................................26

4.2.4 EU interest test............................................................................................................27

4.2.5 Procedure ....................................................................................................................27

4.2.6 Redressive measures...................................................................................................29

4.2.7 Supervisory authorities ...............................................................................................29

4.3 Foreign subsidies in public procurement (Module 3).................................................30

4.3.1 Introduction.................................................................................................................30

4.3.2 Distortions by foreign subsidies in the context of public procurement procedures...................................................................................................................30

4.3.3 Procedure ....................................................................................................................31

4.3.4 Foreign subsidies in procurement pursuant to intergovernmental agreements...........34

5 Foreign subsidies in the context of EU funding .........................................................35

5.1 Problem definition ......................................................................................................35

5.2 Framework and measures to fill the gap.....................................................................36

5.2.1 Direct management.....................................................................................................36

5.2.2 Shared management....................................................................................................38

5.2.3 Indirect management ..................................................................................................39

6 Interplay with other EU and international instruments...............................................40

6.1 EU Merger Regulation................................................................................................40

6.2 EU antitrust rules ........................................................................................................41

6.3 EU State aid rules .......................................................................................................41

6.4 EU public procurement rules ......................................................................................41

6.5 The WTO Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures............................41

6.6 Trade defence instruments – protection against subsidised imports ..........................42

6.7 FDI Screening Regulation ..........................................................................................42

6.8 Bilateral trade agreements ..........................................................................................43

6.9 The Agreement on Government Procurement and procurement chapters in FTAs ...........................................................................................................................44

6.10 Sectorial rules: safeguarding competition in air and maritime transport....................44

7 Public Consultation.....................................................................................................45

ANNEX I: DEFINITION OF FOREIGN SUBSIDY...............................................................46

ANNEX II: QUESTIONNAIRE...............................................................................................48

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