Digital Transformation: How information and communication technology is fundamentally changing incumbent industries

This project, funded by the Federal Ministry of Economics and Energy (BMWi), examines the disruptive impact of ICT penetration on established industrial regions. The three following industries were examined in detail: automotive, mechanical engineering and logistics.

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Final report of the joint project „IKT-Wandel“ funded by the

German Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy

How information and communication technology is fundamentally changing incumbent industries

International comparison of the maturity level of the automomotive

industry, mechanical engineering and logistics industry

Illustration: mc-quadrat, Berlin

Digital Transformation

Table of Contents

1 Introduction 2

1.1 Project aims and content 3

1.2 Project methodology and approach 4

1.3 Structure of the study 5

2 What is ICT-induced transformation? 6

2.1 Thematic classification: creative destruction, disruptive innovation and ICT-induced transformation 6

2.2 ICT-induced transformation 9

2.3 A glimpse into the future: an overarching scenario 16

3 Digital change in the automotive industry 20

3.1 Automobile manufacturing: the current situation 20

3.2 ICT-driven change: electromobility 23

4 Current situation and trends in the principal domains 30

4.1 Automobile manufacturing, mechanical engineering and logistics – an overview 30

4.2 Analysis of the survey of experts 35

5 Estimates and forecasts for the key sectors 54

5.1 The maturity model: the basis for socio-economic and technical analyses 54

5.2 Business models in change – progress in socio-economic transformation 56

5.3 Technology in change – progress in technological transformation 67

5.4 Assessment of desired future developments in the sectors 74

6 General trends and findings 84

6.1 Productization and servitization 84

6.2 Customer interface – a key strategic and economic position 87

6.3 Monetizing products and services 90

6.4 Rethinking strategy and organization 92

6.5 Understanding of technology as the cornerstone of the transformation 95

7 ICT-driven platform ecosystems 102

7.1 Economic relevance of platform ecosystems 103

7.2 Classification of platform ecosystems 105

7.3 Examples of current platform ecosystems 111

7.4 German business underestimates the potential of platform ecosystems 114

7.5 The vision of a platform-centered ecosystem for the automotive industry 116

8 Digital transformation as a collaborative task 120

8.1 Progressive involvement of actors in policy making 120

8.2 National IT Summit as central dialog platform 123

8.3 Work of the bodies and the IT Summit from the actors‘ point of view 125

8.4 Optimization potential for the IT Summit 127

8.5 Promotion of collaboration in complex environments 128

8.6 Mutual Gains Approach (MGA) or Consensus Building Approach (CBA) 128

8.7 The importance of neutral process facilitators 131

8.8 Collaboration software to support teamworking in larger groups 131

8.9 ICT-induced transformation in politics 135

9 International comparison of the risks and potential associated with digitalization 140

9.1 Threats 140

9.2 Weaknesses 149

9.3 Opportunities 155

9.4 Strengths to be established 161

9.5 Summary of the key statements 166

10 Conclusions and suggested next steps 168

10.1 Science and research 171

10.2 Business and industry 176

10.3 Politics and society 178

Annex 184

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