七国峰会宣称要打造属于G7的数字生态

2021年6月13日，七国峰会结束了3天的议程，发布了27页的《卡比斯湾七国峰会公报》（Carbis Bay G7 Summit Communique），提出面向“未来前沿”（Future Frontiers），打造“价值观驱动的数字生态”，这引起了工业4.0研究院的关注。

在七国峰会公报中，用了31-36段落来阐释对未来前沿的认识，关键词为数字经济，重点突出了数字生态（Digital Ecosystem）和标准设定（Standard Setting）两项优先议题。

七国集团认为影响未来前沿的要素中，科学发现和应用才是最关键的。正如工业4.0研究院一直关注的“第四次工业革命”，本质上是基础科学的变化，给人类社会工业化进程带来了新的挑战和机遇，现在就是看哪个国家有能力把挑战转化为机遇了。

七国集团深谙数字经济的意义，它在公报中指出，数字经济将在未来几十年决定全世界经济的繁荣和人们福祉。数字经济由技术革命驱动，它给经济机遇、安全、道德和协同等带来了转变，同时也提出了一系列的问题。

七国峰会公报表示，最近几年时间，全球出现了不同的发展模式，这促使七国集团开始思考，特别是国家、商业和个人的角色问题，如何协调三者关系，更好发挥七国集团的优势和保护其利益，并不是一个容易回答的问题。

为了应对以上挑战，接着七国峰会公报指出了建立“数字生态”的共同议程。

工业4.0研究院认为，由于美国政府肆无忌惮打破了西方国家合作的传统，事实上给七国集团的合作带来了不确定性，随着拜登政府登台，弥合特朗普政府造成的裂痕成为优先事项。

西方七国都是历经工业革命的强国，它们对技术驱动的第四次工业革命早有准备，但如何聚拢西方势力，压制中国和俄罗斯等国顺利进入第四次工业革命，则是七国峰会公报迫切想解决的思想问题，建立“可信的、价值观驱动的数字生态”（trusted，values-driven digital ecosystem）就是答案。

关于具体落实“数字生态”的举措中，七国集团则认为标准设定是核心。

换句话讲，七国峰会公报认定了未来世界有不同的技术路径了。它们希望建立自身循环体系的标准体系，从而实现其价值观驱动的目标。

2021年9月，在OECD支持下，将举办“未来技术论坛”（Future Tech Forum），七国峰会公报强调具有共同思想（like-minded）的合作方参与的要求，力求打造未来技术生态（emerging technology ecosystem），这包括开放政府合作伙伴（Open Government Partnership）、人工智能全球伙伴计划（Global Partnership for Artificial Intelligence）等。

对于具体标准设定的落实，七国峰会公报提出各个国家的标准组织加强参与和协同，通过国际标准组织（例如ISO等）来推进。按照开发共同标准、最佳实践和应用指南的流程，加速推进空间技术和应用，这将是未来重要的竞争领地。

由此可见，七国峰会公报认定了几个结论：一是未来竞争会出现多个技术路径，七国集团希望构建一个可以掌控的（价值观驱动的）数字生态；二是未来技术非常重要，这是决定全球未来几十年格局的要素，应加强基础科学研究，建立未来技术生态；三是加大国际标准的制定，发挥各个国家标准组织的优势。

对于七国集团接下来要开展的各项活动，数字经济学家论坛将持续关注分析。

作者：胡权，工业4.0研究院院长，数字孪生体联盟理事长

附录：未来前沿（FUTURE FRONTIERS）原文

31. Future frontiers of the global economy and society – from cyber space to outer space – will determine the future prosperity and wellbeing of people all over the world in the decades ahead. As we are witnessing an increasing divergence of models, this transformation raises important questions about the interaction between economic opportunity, security, ethics, and human rights, and the balance between the role of the state, businesses and individuals.

32. We will work together as part of an ongoing agenda towards a trusted, values-driven digital ecosystem for the common good that enhances prosperity in a way that is sustainable, inclusive, transparent and human-centric. In doing so we will make it a sustained strategic priority to update our regulatory frameworks and work together with other relevant stakeholders, including young people, to ensure digital ecosystems evolve in a way that reflects our shared values. We commit to preserve an open, interoperable, reliable and secure internet, one that is unfragmented, supports freedom, innovation and trust which empowers people. If used properly, technologies can help us strengthen health capacities, tackle environmental threats, widen access to education and open new economic opportunities. We will leverage these technologies to advance tech for the common good and promote digital literacy worldwide. We will strengthen coordination on and support for the implementation and development of global norms and standards to ensure that the use and evolution of new technologies reflects our shared democratic values and commitment to open and competitive markets, strong safeguards including for human rights and fundamental freedoms. We also affirm our opposition to measures which may undermine these democratic values, such as government-imposed internet shutdowns and network restrictions. We support the development of harmonised principles of data collection which encourage public and private organisations to act to address bias in their own systems, noting new forms of decision-making have surfaced examples where algorithms have entrenched or amplified historic biases, or even created new forms of bias or unfairness.

33. We call on the private sector to join us in our efforts and reaffirm our support for industry-led inclusive multi-stakeholder approaches to standard setting, in line with our values and principles which underpin these standards. As such, we welcome the Presidency’s initiative of a ‘Future Tech Forum’ in September 2021 with the support of the OECD. The Forum will convene like-minded democratic partners to discuss the role of technology in supporting open societies and tackling global challenges. The Forum will support efforts to mitigate the risk of regulatory fragmentation and to facilitate coherency of our emerging technology ecosystems, and it will invite proposals for Leaders to consider in appropriate global fora. We support the aim to facilitate dialogue between governments, industry, academia, civil society and other key stakeholders. As such we will continue to take bold action to build more transparency in our technologies, building on the Open Government Partnership. Building on the work of the Global Partnership for Artificial Intelligence (GPAI) advanced by the Canadian and French G7 Presidencies in 2018 and 2019, we will aim to rally all partners around our open and human centric approach to artificial intelligence looking forward to the GPAI Summit in Paris in November 2021. To support effective standard-setting that reflects our core values and principles, we will strengthen our coordination, including by consulting with industry, with regards to engagement with and appointments to Standard Developing Organisations, where appropriate. We commit to better sharing of information and best practice, including between our national standards bodies, enhanced capacity building and support for multi-stakeholder participation in standard-setting. To this end, we endorse the Framework for G7 Collaboration on Digital Technical Standards.

34. We will support cooperation on specific areas in relation to the evolution of future frontiers. Based on the work of our Digital and Technology Ministers, we agree the focus of our cooperation for this year will be a structured dialogue around specific areas:

• Championing data free flow with trust, to better leverage the potential of valuable data-driven technologies while continuing to address challenges related to data protection. To that end we endorse our Digital Ministers’ Roadmap for Cooperation on Data Free Flow with Trust.

• Enabling businesses to use electronic transferable records in order to generate efficiencies and economic savings to support the global economic recovery. In support of this aim we endorse the Framework for G7 Collaboration on Electronic Transferable Records.

• Taking further steps to improve internet safety and counter hate speech, while protecting human rights and fundamental freedoms, including free expression. We will protect our citizens online and offline, including children and vulnerable at-risk groups, and especially women and girls. We therefore endorse our Digital Ministers’ Internet Safety Principles which aim to set out common approaches to improving online safety. We invite Interior Ministers to work on a G7 agreement on sharing of information and best practice on tackling existing and emerging online forms of gender-based violence, including forms of online abuse. We affirm our support of the Christchurch Call, emphasising the need for respecting freedoms of speech and peoples’ reasonable expectation of privacy and further invite G7 Interior Ministers to continue work on preventing and countering Violent Extremist and Terrorist Use of the Internet begun in Ischia in 2017 and continued in Toronto in 2018 and Paris in 2019. We commit to work together to further a common understanding of how existing international law applies to cyberspace and welcome the work of our Foreign Ministers to promote this approach at the UN and other international fora. We also commit to work together to urgently address the escalating shared threat from criminal ransomware networks. We call on all states to urgently identify and disrupt ransomware criminal networks operating from within their borders, and hold those networks accountable for their actions.

• Securing supply chains. Recognising the foundational role that telecommunications infrastructure, including 5G and future communication technologies, plays and will play in underpinning our wider digital and ICT infrastructure we will promote secure, resilient, competitive, transparent and sustainable and diverse digital, telecoms, and ICT infrastructure supply chains.

• Deepening cooperation on Digital Competition in order to drive innovation across the global economy, enhancing consumer choice. We recognise that there is increasing international consensus that participants with significant market power can exploit their power to hold back digital markets and the wider economy. Therefore, building on the 2019 French G7 Presidency’s common understanding on ‘Competition and the Digital Economy’, we will work together through existing international and multilateral fora to find a coherent way to encourage competition and support innovation in digital markets.

35. Beyond these priorities, we will review whether other areas of collaboration with respect to future frontiers are appropriate. We are committed to the safe and sustainable use of space to support humanity’s ambition now and in the future. We recognise the importance of developing common standards, best practices and guidelines related to sustainable space operations alongside the need for a collaborative approach for space traffic management and coordination. We call on all nations to work together, through groups like the United Nations Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space, the International Organization for Standardization and the Inter-Agency Space Debris Coordination Committee, to preserve the space environment for future generations.

36. Underpinning all of these future frontiers, and wider challenges of the coming century, is the importance of scientific discovery and its deployment. We will therefore work together to promote stronger collaboration on research and development, and promote principles of research security and integrity and open science building off the historical levels of collaboration seen in the past year to internationally beneficial results. Central to this should be building a diverse and resilient science and research community, inclusive for all groups including women. Domestically we will seek to redress the imbalance in women’s and girls’ under-representation in science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) which acts as a barrier to access to these growing industries. We will explore how existing and potential new mechanisms and initiatives can support risk reduction, prevention and response to future systemic crises, natural disasters and pace of technological change. As such we endorse the G7 Compact on Research Collaboration and its commitment to: support policies, legal frameworks and programmes to promote research collaboration; promote sharing of research data; explore enhancements to research assessment and rewards for collaboration and knowledge sharing; and develop a common set of principles which will help protect research and innovation ecosystem across the G7 to open and reciprocal research collaboration.