In industrial production systems, robotic arms are a common type of universal production facility. Traditionally, they serve a fixed purpose within a production chain. From the Industry 4.0 context, the idea of “Plug and Produce” has emerged, which aims to make production facilities more universally and dynamically usable.

更多

We present a miniature model of an industrial production line that sup-ports Plug & Produce. We programmed all control systems using 4diac, an implementation of IEC/ISO standard 61499, and used OPC-UA as the communication layer. From building this system, we found that the chosen tools are well suited for implementation, although modelling the system would benefit from an abstraction on top of IEC 61499.

收起

The IEC 61499 Function Block standard describes an architecture to support the development and re-use of software components for distributed and embedded industrial control and automation systems. Often distributed over heterogeneous execution platforms, IEC 61499 applications are highly re-configurable; users can map individual function blocks to run on any available device. However, the standard does not allow differentiating between the capabilities of different devices in a heterogeneous platform. In this paper, we present a framework that facilitates the utilization of device-specific capabilities during the design of function block applications. Device capabilities are wrapped-up in Basic function blocks linking to low-level device drivers, allowing designers to access device features with ease during the design phase. The framework is completely compatible with the IEC 61499 standard, and remains highly flexible. As a case study, we show how function block applications utilizing low-level capabilities of Raspberry Pi devices can be written and deployed using the Holobloc FBDK development environment. This particular setting of using function blocks to program the Raspberry Pi also results in an ideal, low-cost research and teaching platform for distributed computers.

The integration of distributed renewable energy re-sources into active power distribution grids (Smart Grids) is an important activity nowadays. Advanced but also standardized remote control functions for such renewable sources are neces-sary to allow a higher penetration degree of them in power dis-tribution grids. These functions are defined by the power utility automation approach IEC 61850 but their implementation is not really covered by this important power system standard. IEC 61499 know from distributed automation is a feasible way to implement IEC 61850 functions but a low cost automation plat-form for research projects – especially master and PhD projects – which integrates both approaches is not really existing. This paper addresses this point and introduces an IEC 61850/ 61499 open source-based environment together with a low cost control-ler platform for upgrading off-the-shelf distributed energy re-sources in Smart Grid applications.

Political marginal conditions for PV systems, such as feed-in limitations have resulted in the need for intelligent operation strategies. Proprietary solutions available on the market today are costly and intelligent controllers for building energy systems can thus be classified as luxury products. There is a need for generic software based on standards for the control of multi-generator systems. This thesis aims to provide an open source solution that can be used on a variety of inexpensive hardware. Communication libraries that enable co-simulations between IEC 61499 control systems and simulation software (Matlab® and Polysun®) are developed. Using the libraries and simulation tools, models and algorithms are transferred to IEC 61499 control applications with the industry compatible, open source environment 4diac. The applications are then deployed and prepared for use in the field.

SIMATIC IOT2000

The Internet of Things is changing the world. Siemens‘ answer: SIMATIC IOT2000. With SIMATIC IOT2020 and IOT2040 products, Siemens offers a solution for open source applications for education – with SIMATIC quality for 24/7 operation. You benefit from the open, expandable hardware (PCIe- and Arduino Uno R3-compatible interface), the Linux based operating system (Yocto V2.x) and with the optional IOT2000EDU Software Controller for TIA portal programming.