Buffett Center for International and Comparative Studies

Working Paper Series

The Theory and Reality of the European Coal and Steel Community

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Karen J. Alter

Associate Professor, Political Science, Northwestern University

David Steinberg

PhD Candidate, Political Science, Northwestern University

Working Paper No. 07-001

January 2007

Forthcoming in S. Meunier and K. McNamara eds European Integration and Institutional Change in

Historical Perspective. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2007.

Thanks to John Gillingham and Andy Moravcsik for their very helpful comments on this chapter,

and to the editors for their overall guidance.

The Roberta Buffett Center for

International and Comparative Studies

Northwestern University

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The European Coal and Steel Community: Experiment in Supranationalism

Author(s): Henry L. Mason (auth.)

Publisher: Springer Netherlands

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Year: 1955

ISBN: 978-94-017-0022-1,978-94-015-7555-3

The European Coal and Steel Community has been called "a new structure in the marches between internal and international law. " 1 To describe this new type of structure the term "supra­ national" has found increasing usage. Supranational organs have been defined as standing "midway between 'international' and federal organs. " International organizations - such as the United Nations or the Council of Europe - are based on the "sovereign equality" of their members and non-intervention in domestic affairs; they are really at the intergovernmental level. Supra­ national organs transcend international organizations in both these respects without, however, constituting a federal state. They are based "not on a mere restriction, but on a transfer of [national] sovereignty, but a transfer of sovereignty in a particu­ lar area only. " 2 This pilot experiment in supranational organization is of twofold importance. In the first place, although operating on a regional level only, it could teach valuable lessons concerning future attempts at world organization through the "functional approach. " In Prof. Mitrany's words, national divisions must be overlaid "with a spreading web of international activities and agencies, in which and through which the interests and life of all the nations would be gradually integrated. " 3 The Coal and Steel Community could be an excellent testing ground for the develop­ ment of an international community, growing from the satis­ faction of common needs which people of different nations share.

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European Coal and Steel Community

EUROPEAN COMMISSION

Investment in the Community coal and steel industries

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REPORT ON THE 2001 SURVEY

Situation at 1 January 2001

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European Coal and Steel Community

EUROPEAN COMMISSION

Investment in the Community steel industries

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REPORT ON THE 2003 SURVEY

Situation at 1 January 2003

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The Court of Justice of the European Coal and Steel Community

Author(s): Donald Graham Valentine (auth.)

Publisher: Springer Netherlands

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Year: 1954

ISBN: 978-94-015-0360-0,978-94-015-0925-1

THE CREATION OF THE COURT OF JUSTICE OF THE EUROPEAN COAL AND STEEL COMMUNITY On 9th May, 1950, M. Robert Schuman, the then Foreign Minister of France, speaking at a Press Conference in Paris, outlined the idea of establishing a Community within Europe to control the production of coal and steel. "The French Govern­ ment", he stated, "propose to place the whole of the Franco­ German production of coal and steel under a common high authority! within an organisation open to the participatio~ of other countries of Europe ... This will form the first concrete step towards a European Federation, which is indispensable for peace" 2. This statement, apart from the specific mention of a high authority, does not mention any proposed organs of such a Community, and, as will appear, no firm idea of the Community's structure existed at all at that date. Six weeks after this announcement in Paris, a Conference composed of the six States that were to form the Coal and Steel 4 Community3 met under the presidency of M. Monnet • This Conference continued its work "consciencieux et discret, rue 5 Martignac" until March, 1951 • The first reference that one finds to a judicial organ to control the activity of the Community is contained in the document sub­ mitted by the Commissariat general au Plan 6. When compared with 1 The term is given in small letters as a description rather than as a title. 2 Bulletin Q.uotidien, 11th May, 1950.

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Commission of the European Communities

European Coal and Steel Community

FINANCIAL REPORT 1979

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No. 25

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