Synthetic Theater of War (STOW) Engineering Demonstration-1A (ED-1A) Analysis Report

The primary goal of the Real Time Information Transfer and Networking RITN effort is to evaluate and develop technologies to integrate into a scaleable network solution for the distribution simulation ACTD STOW 97. Prior to ED-1A, the greatest success for network solutions within the STOW program occurred with the demonstration of the Synthetic Theater of War-Europe STOW-E in November 1994, in which 1800 simulation entries were supported on a distributed network with a 1.1 Mbps throughput limitation. The entity count goal to demonstrate the success of RITN in Engineering Demonstration 1A ED-1A was 5000 entities. Through the course of the demonstration, RITN achieved all of its major objectives. This report discusses several conclusions. Multicasting reduced the volume of traffic received by individual sites by 35 to 60 over that which would have been received with a broadcast delivery scheme. The new bi-level multicast and consistency protocols were very robust and show promise for extensibility into future applications. The High Performance Application Gateways HPAG introduced minimal transmission delays while providing a router interface between the LAN and WAN not available in the commercial world. The agent architecture employed was effective and contributed minimal additional traffic to the network. The RITN architecture allows for the participation of legacy simulations in the large-scale exercises of the future. An exercise of the magnitude envisioned for STOW 97 can be supported by existing backbone technology. LAN technologies must be upgraded to support local data loads to host processors. The Simple Network Management Protocol SNMP, with minor adjustments to the ED-1A implementation, will be an effective and indispensable tool for exercise management and rapid data collection in future exercises.

The COBRAS Synthetic Theater of War Exercise Trial: Report on Development, Results, and Lessons Learned

This report details the design and development process for the Synthetic Theater of War STOW exercise produced in the COBRAS III project. The exercise was to serve as the vehicle for three primary research areas training support package and resource requirements, technology and infrastructure requirements, and potential for training value. The multiechelon training audience of the Brigade Combat Team included the brigade commander and staff, the commander and staff of one battalion task force TF, and the line company commanders, first sergeants, fire support team leaders, and scout platoon of that TF. The STOW environment linked constructive simulation the BrigadeBattalion Battle Simulation BBS and Modular Semi-Automated Forces ModSAF and virtual simulation Simulation Networking SIMNET and reconfigurable simulators. The trial implementation in February - March 1998 involved members of TF 1-101, 3rd Brigade, and 42nd Infantry Division of the New York National Guard, along with supporting participants from the Force XXI Training Program, contracted logistics support CLS staffs, and the COBRAS Team. Training support was found to be manageable but resource-intensive. Technology and infrastructure findings were mixed the systems promise exciting training opportunities, but there were many suggestions for improvement from participants. From the unit members point of view, the exercise provided valuable training, and there was strong support for continued STOW and reconfigurable simulator development and use.

JMCIS/Synthetic Theater of War (STOW) Interface Phased Functional Description

This effort provides the ability to interface the Joint Marine Command Information System JMCIS to the Synthetic Theater of War STOW. JMCIS is an operational command control system providing tactical C2I planning, execution, and supervision support for all warfare areas at over 250 installations afloat and ashore. STPW is a spatially distributed synthetic battlefield represented by real world forces, simulators, and models and connected by the Defense Simulation Internet DSI. By use of synthetic battlefields, performance of research, engineering, requirements definition, systems analysis, and training can occur at all levels in a more affordable manner.

Synthetic Theater of War-Europe (STOW-E) Technical Analysis

The Synthetic Theater of War-Europe STOW-E distributed simulation demonstration was conducted 47 November 1994. This exercise linked 16 sites around the world in a single virtual battlespace. Live, virtual, and constructive forces representing all four DoD services participated in a joint operation involving land, sea, and air engagement. One of the critical technologies demonstrated in the STOW-E was Scaleability. The goal of the Scaleability effort was to support the evolution of Distributed Interactive Simulation DIS technology by pushing back the limitations on the number of entities that could participate in an exercise. The Scaleability challenge for STOW-E was to reduce the traffic generated by the participating simulations to the 1.1 megabit-per-second Mbps capacity of the tail circuits of the Defense Simulation Internet DSI. The Scaleability solution was to reduce the DIS traffic load offered to the DSI wide area network WAN by using seven bandwidth-demand reduction techniques BRTs. The algorithms were as follows 1 Protocol Data Unit PDU Culling 2 Broadcast Grid Filtering 3 Quiescent Entity Determination QED 4 Protocol Independence Compression Algorithm PICA 5 Bundling 6 Overload Management 7 LAN Filtering. These algorithms were housed in Application Gateways AG that operated in series between the DSI WAN and the simulation LAN ETAATI, 1994.

Synthetic Theater of War (STOW) Engineering Demonstration-1 (ED-1) Final Report

This report describes results of Engineering Demonstration-1 ED-1, which was conducted 17-20 October 1995. ED-l was conducted on both the Advanced Communication Technology Satellite ACTS, Asynchronous Transfer Mode ATM, Internetwork AAIAdvanced Technology Demonstration Network ATDNet and the Defense Simulation Internet DSI, over a period of 2 days. The Synthetic Environment demonstration portion of ED-1 successfully demonstrated the following environmental effects illumination flares, signal flares, and signal smoke dynamic time-of-day wind effects velocity and direction concertina wire battlefield smoke and obscurants minefield breaching antitank ditch breaching, dust storm, rain, fog, and haze pre-emplaced survivability positions and obstacles and multistate objects bridgesbuildings. The Synthetic Forces demonstration portion of ED-1 successfully demonstrated the following five ships-maneuvering and damage sensors and weapons functionality 18 new Marine Corps entity types embarkdisembark functionality suppressive fire attachment IFOR-FWA Defensive Air, CAS combined strike RWA-armed reconnaissance attack IFOR FWA reacted correctly to unexpected interactions FAC worked well bridges were destroyed, providing a barrier to ground vehicles tanks deployed smoke, changed speedformation when entering, leaving smoke screen FO-detected, classified, and reported company team commander receivedsent CCSIL messages plannedreplanned missions very stable.

Joint Maritime Command Information System (JMCIS) Synthetic Theater of War (STOW) Interface

This particular effort, a subset of the ADS program provides the ability to interface the Joint Maritime Command Information System JMCIS to the Synthetic Theater of War STOW. JMCIS is an operational command control system providing tactical C2I planning, execution and supervision support for all warfare areas at over 250 installations afloat and ashore. STOW is a spatially distributed synthetic battlefield represented by real world forces, simulators, and models and connected by the Defense Simulation Internet DSI. By use of synthetic battlefields, performance of research, engineering, requirements definition, systems analysis, and training can occur at all levels in a more affordable manner.

KERNEL BLITZ '95 Interactive Training Support (KBITS): Technical Integration Plan

KERNEL BLITZ 95 KB 95 was conducted 3-6 April 1995. The Navy had over 23 ships, numerous aircraft, and 12,000 personnel at sea for this exercise. Simulation participants included five Defense Simulation Internet DSI node sites and three backside sites. In this exercise, live units and simulation systems were successfully integrated into a Synthetic Theater of War STOW. The objective of KB 95 was to improve the ability of Naval Expeditionary Forces to operate effectively, as a total force, in a joint, littoral environment. KERNEL BLITZ Interactive Training Support KBITS, the simulation portion of the exercise, provided a simulated carrier battle group CVBG, geo-transformation of Surface Mine Counter Measure SMCM forces operating in the Gulf of Mexico, and air, land, and sea opposing forces OPFOR. KEITS objective was to enable naval forces to train in a realistic force structure, demonstrate the capability to enrich training by combining afloat and ashore training activities, and provide the infrastructure to more realistically train in a joint, littoral environment. Simulations were provided by the following Naval Sea Systems Command NAVSEA Battle Force Tactical Training BFTT Program Advanced Research Projects Agency ARPA Semi-Automated Forces SAF Program Modular Semi-Automated Forces ModSAF Naval Undersea Warfare Center NUWC Combined Team Trainer Mode CTTM Program Naval Air Warfare Center - Aircraft Division NAWC-AD Air Combat Environment Test and Evaluation Facility ACETEF E-2C simulator and Program Engineering Office Mine In Shore Warfare PEO MlWSPAWAR-32 MCM C41 Joint Maritime Command Information System JIMCIS Program.

Improved Ocean Environment Representation In Warfighting Simulations