钟义信

( 北京邮电大学智能科学技术研究中心, 北京10 0 87 6 )

摘要:由于智能问题的重要性和复杂性,人们曾经分别从结构、功能和行为等多个不同侧面对自然智能问题展开了模拟研究,于20 世纪形成了人工智能的结构主义、功能主义和行为主义3 个有代表性的理论. 这些理论分别都取得了很大的成功,然而它们之间却难以互相沟通和互相认可.为此,提出了一种新的研究途径———从智能生成的共性核心机制入手探讨智能的本质,称为“机制主义”. 研究发现:一般情形下,智能生成的核心机制表现为“信息—知识—智能的转换”;而且,结构主义、功能主义、行为主义三者能在“机制主义”框架下得到和谐的统一. 这可为人工智能理论的未来发展提供新的认识和新的方向.

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关 键 词: 结构主义;功能主义; 行为主义; 机制主义;人工智能统一理论

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What is the most important problem that an enterprise faces? What is it that all of us constantly worry about? How can we bring artificial intelligence (AI) to solve problems? In this video, Vishal Sikka, CEO and Managing Director, Infosys talks about the importance of the continuous reinvention of landscape and systems. He states, “An AI software platform can help us automate and lower the costs of maintenance of operations.” Vishal also emphasizes, “AI can help us codify and capture the knowledge that sits inside our systems and processes, and capture it across generations of people and technology.”

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Listen to Vishal’s views on how Infosys Mana ™ - a knowledge-based artificial intelligence (AI) platform can reinvent the reinvention of IT landscapes.

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Infosys (NYSE: INFY), a global leader in consulting, technology, and next-generation services, today announced the launch of Infosys Mana, a platform that brings machine learning together with the deep knowledge of an organization, to drive automation and innovation – enabling businesses to continuously reinvent their system landscapes. Mana, with the Infosys Aikido service offerings, dramatically lowers the cost of maintenance for both physical and digital assets; captures the knowledge and know-how of people, and fragmented and complex systems; simplifies the continuous renovation of core business processes; and enables businesses to bring new and delightful user experiences leveraging state of the art technology.

智能家居公司NEST推出最新研发的NEST人工智能户外摄像头。这款摄像头与智能手机应用搭配使用，可以向用户推送异常情况消息，从而把危险“拒之门外”。NEST把自身在摄像头领域的优势与Google在人工智能领域的优势结合。当Bloomberg主持人问到用户是否可以通过NEST摄像头使用更多Google软件时，NEST硬件产品部主管Maxime Veron的回答却是：NEST采用相对独立的服务器，因此不会把用户数据泄露给Google。从这里我们可以洞察NEST与Google的合作。

亚马逊希望在人工智能领域与Google比拼。目前亚马逊希望通过Echo音响形成智能家居生态。未来，Echo音响能够识别多国语言，并且能够熟练应对“结构性”的问题。Bloomberg主持人问到“亚马逊为什么坚持每年Prime Day优惠日”的问题，分析人士认为：事实上，零售商与亚马逊形成直接的竞争关系，亚马逊Prime Day为消费者提供的折扣要远远大于零售商（平均每单价格低36%），亚马逊希望以此取得竞争优势。

What Is There to Be Skeptical About?

About the Fantastic Success of Deep Learning & The Imperative of Incorporating Priors Into Learning

Oliver Brock

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Robotics and Biology Laboratory

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Progressive Nets for Simulation to Robot Transfer

Raia Hadsell

Continuous Deep Q-Learning with Model-based Acceleration. Shixiang Gu, Timothy Lillicrap, Ilya Sutskever, Sergey Levine. ICML 2016.

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Asynchronous Methods for Deep Reinforcement Learning. Volodymyr Mnih, Adrià Puigdomènech Badia, Mehdi Mirza, Alex Graves, Timothy P. Lillicrap, Tim Harley, David Silver, Koray Kavukcuoglu

Control of Memory, Active Perception, and Action in Minecraft. Junhyuk Oh, Valliappa Chockalingam, Satinder Singh, and Honglak Lee

However, deep RL is very data inefficient

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Learning and Sharing Knowledge for Robots

Ashutosh Saxena

CEO,Brain of Things