Information Technology for Manufacturing

A Research Agenda

Committee to Study Information Technology and Manufacturing

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Computer Science and Telecommunications Board

Commission on Physical Sciences, Mathematics, and Applications

Manufacturing Studies Board

Commission on Engineering and Technical Systems

National Research Council

National Academy Press

Washington, D.C. 1995

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Information Technology and Recent Changes in Work Organization Increase the Demand for Skilled Labor

Timothy F. Bresnahan

Department of Economics

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Stanford, CA

Timothy.Bresnahan@stanford.edu

Erik Brynjolfsson

MIT Sloan School of Management

Cambridge, MA

erikb@mit.edu

Lorin M. Hitt

University of Pennsylvania, Wharton School

Philadelphia, PA

lhitt@wharton.upenn.edu

First Draft: January, 1998

This Draft: February, 1999

We thank Gary Burtless, Margaret Blair, Alan Krueger, and participants in the Brookings/MIT Human Capital Conference for valuable comments. This research has been generously supported by the MIT Center for Coordination Science, the MIT Industrial Performance Center, the National Science Foundation (Grants IIS-9733877 and IRI-9700316) and the Stanford Computer Industry Project under grants from the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation and NationsBanc Montgomery Securities. Incon Research, the Center for Survey Research, Computer Intelligence Infocorp and Informationweek provided or helped to collect essential data.

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Information Infrastructure Systems for Manufacturing II

IFIP TC5 WG5.3/5.7 Third International Working Conference on the Design of Information Infrastructure Systems for Manufacturing (DIISM’98) May 18–20, 1998, Fort Worth, Texas

Editors: Mills, John J., Kimura, Fumihiko (Eds.)

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In this global society, manufacturers compete in many ways, and information infrastructures play a critical role in ensuring the right information is available at the right time and the right place to support informed decision making. The traditional approach that assumes all information can be located on a single mainframe and accessed by everybody in the enterprise has fallen by the wayside, and new infrastructures supporting extended or virtual enterprises and globally distributed supply chains are becoming increasingly vital to successful, competitive organizations. Functions, data, and information must be made be available to all without regard to location, accessibility, or the ability to view in a native format. This book is a result of a conference, which brought together a number of leading experts from around the world that work on topics related to the design, implementation, and use of information infrastructures for manufacturing. These experts presented their views on the state of the art, and on a wide variety of topics related to the title. The topics range from the establishment of a generic enterprise framework, which can be used for the design of a supporting information infrastructure to details of how geometric surfaces should be merged together. Although not an exhaustive publication, we believe that the publications in this book represent the state of the art in this research is essential reading for anyone who is attempting the design or development of an information infrastructure for all aspects of Manufacturing.

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Information Infrastructure Systems for Manufacturing

Proceedings of the IFIP TC5/WG5.3/WG5.7 international conference on the Design of Information Infrastructure Systems for Manufacturing, DIISM ’96 Eindhoven, the Netherlands, 15–18 September 1996

Editors (view affiliations)

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Jan GoossenaertsFumihiko KimuraHans Wortmann

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Die Zukunft ist offen,aber nicht beliebig.

ÖFIT-TRENDSCHAU:INNOVATIONSFELDER ÖFFENTLICHER IT

FOKUSGRUPPE: Transparente, einfache und performante

Ende-zu-Ende-Sicherheit für die Regierungs- und Bürgerkommunikation.

Digitale Souveränität.

工业和信息化部关于印发软件和信息技术服务业发展规划（2016－2020年）的通知

工信部规[2016]425号

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各省、自治区、直辖市及计划单列市、新疆生产建设兵团工业和信息化主管部门，各省、自治区、直辖市通信管理局，有关中央企业，部直属单位：

　　为贯彻落实《中华人民共和国国民经济和社会发展第十三个五年规划纲要》和《中国制造2025》，加快建设制造强国和网络强国，推动软件和信息技术服务业由大变强，我部编制了《软件和信息技术服务业发展规划（2016－2020年）》。现印发你们，请结合实际贯彻实施。

工业和信息化部

2016年12月18日

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The Global Information Technology Report 2016 features the latest iteration of the Networked Readiness Index, which assesses the factors, policies and institutions that enable a country to fully leverage information and communication technologies (ICTs) for increased competitiveness and well-being.

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Under the theme Innovating in the Digital Economy, the Report also examines the role of information and communication technologies (ICTs) in driving innovation.

从2015年至今，原先排名靠前的国家位次基本没有太大变化， 包括美国、斯堪的纳维亚国家和新加坡等依然名列前茅。而印度和墨西哥等许多发展中国家的排名则出现下降。世界经济论坛经济学家、报告作者之一希尔贾·鲍勒 （Silja Baller）表示：“相对来说，对于排名靠后国家，原地踏步意味着它们更加落后。总体来说，绝大多数国家的得分都在提高。”

《全 球信息技术报告》可衡量某个国家利用信息和通信技术提高竞争力的能力。报告中设有53项指标，包括监管、技术承受能力、基础设施，技术在公众中普及程度， 以及技术对经济的影响等。今年，排名前10位的国家与去年相同，其中美国和挪威的排名有所上升，而荷兰和瑞士的排名下跌。

《全球信息技术报告》共对139个国家和地区进行评估和排名，其中多数大型新兴经济体的排名有所下降。中国排名上升了三位，位列第59位；巴西排名跃升12位，排名提高至第72位。这主要得益于手机和互联网的普及率上升。报告中指出，在过去1年中，中国移动(微博)和互联网服务订阅数量几乎增长了一倍，但城乡之间却存在着明显的数字鸿沟。

此外，墨西哥的排名下降了7位，降至第76位，而印度排第91位。这些国家的排名之所以下降，部分原因是互联网和通信技术成本高昂，进而造成宽带和移动连接服务价格随之提高。

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